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59 pages 1 hour read

Kate Atkinson

Shrines of Gaiety

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Chapters 46-56Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 46 Summary: “Ting! Ting!”

Edith is recovering from her “botched” abortion at the Coker’s home in Hanover Terrace. Ramsay is trying to work on his book. Nellie is troubled by Edith’s brush with death: “Nellie’s first thought was that Edith’s close call was due to Maud trying to exact her revenge. Now that Edith was on the mend Nellie worried what the dead girl would try next” (355).

Chapter 47 Summary: “Frobisher Unbound”

Frobisher meets Gwendolen at Paddington Station. They have to be careful that nobody sees them meeting, or the Cokers will know that Gwendolen works for Frobisher. In fact, the reader will later learn that Nellie is well aware of the link between Gwendolen and Frobisher; Nellie’s hired man Landor follows Gwendolen and witnesses her meeting with Frobisher. During their meeting, Frobisher invites Gwendolen on an outing in his new motor car—she agrees. Frobisher is delighted.

Chapter 48 Summary: “In The Park”

Nellie has a secret meeting with Oakes in the park. Oakes approached Nellie after she was released from Holloway, offering to be her informant: “For a regular sum of money he would ‘keep an eye’ on his new Chief Inspector for her. Frobisher was a menace” (371). This is just a front. Nellie knows the truth: Oakes is a spy for Maddox. Nellie thinks about “[w]hat fools Maddox and his disciples were” (372). Oakes tips off Nellie that there will be a raid on the Foxhole that evening; Nellie realizes that Maddox must have organized the raid and told Oakes to tell Nellie about it, so that Nellie would trust Oakes. Nellie sees through the scheme.

This chapter also reveals the fact that Nellie already knows that Gwendolen is worked for Frobisher: “Gwendolen had been spotted by one of the Forty Thieves in the back of a car with Frobisher outside Holloway on the morning of Nellie’s release” (374). Nellie has known all along. Nellie was happy when Gwendolen got involved after the shooting at the Amethyst and used it as an excuse to hire Gwendolen and keep her close. Nellie has asked Landor to follow Gwendolen.

The one mystery Nellie hasn’t yet cracked is who Azzopardi is and what he wants. Nellie visits an old friend who tells Nellie that Azzopardi is Joe Spiteri, a common thief: “Rumour has it that all the loot he’d stolen was stashed somewhere but he was never able to retrieve it. Jewellery, mostly, from a big job at the Ritz” (378). Nellie realizes that the jewelry she stole from the dead landlady was part of Azzopardi’s hidden loot, and that Azzopardi knows that Nellie took it: “He was after revenge” (379).

Chapter 49 Summary: “Pork Pie”

Oakes tells Maddox about his meeting with Nellie and reassures Maddox that Nellie has no idea she’s being double-crossed. Oakes also tells Maddox about Frobisher’s search for Freda, and reveals that Freda is a dance hostess at Nellie’s clubs. Oakes also tells Maddox about Edith’s abortion. Maddox is shocked as he realizes that Edith wasn’t in the hospital for blood poisoning—and that she hid the real reason from him. Maddox notes to himself that Oakes is becoming overly familiar: “He worried that the sergeant was starting to act on his own rather than following orders” (382).

Chapter 50 Summary: “Pour le Sport”

Gwendolen takes a day off from her new job managing the Crystal Cup to join Frobisher on their motor car outing to Oxford. They conclude their day by watching a performance of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Frobisher is disappointed when it’s time to drive home.

Chapter 51 Summary: “Hail, Mortal!”

Things are looking up for Freda. She’s dancing for Nellie and making money. Also, she runs into a childhood friend, Vanda. Vanda is a sex worker in London and invites Freda to live with her. On a late-night walk home from Nellie’s club, Freda is grabbed by a drunken man, but manages to escape.

Chapter 52 Summary: “Folderol”

Ramsay attends the “baby party” that he received the invitation to in Chapter 9. The party has adults dressed like and acting like babies; drinks are being served called “Mother’s Milk” (409). Ramsay reflects on other contemporary examples of wild parties. At the party, Ramsay runs into Vivian who is dressed as a matador (he’s going to another party afterward). Vivian tells Ramsay that his novel is done but that nobody has seen it. Vivian also tells Ramsay that Azzopardi is looking for Ramsay. Ramsay realizes that Azzopardi must have some kind of hold over Vivian: “Quinn had a taste for some queer things—perhaps Azzopardi supplied them. Or blackmail. A man like Quinn invited blackmail” (413).

Ramsay meets Azzopardi. Ramsay tells Azzopardi he’ll pay him the money he owes him, but “Azzopardi didn’t want money. He wanted something that he considered to be much more valuable. He wanted paper” (415)—meaning, as is revealed later, the paperwork for Nellie’s clubs (like the title deeds of ownership or leases and more) so he can steal them. Ramsay leaves Azzopardi and is walking down the street when he sees someone dressed as a mummy.

The narrative flashes to Vivian’s point of view. Vivian is also on the late-night streets when he’s approached by the person dressed as a mummy. The mummy stabs Vivian in the stomach.

Chapter 53 Summary: “Adieu, Adieu, Adieu”

The narrative jumps back to Gwendolen and Frobisher, returning from their day trip to Oxford. After some car troubles, Frobisher tells Gwendolen that he’ll get her home by midnight. Gwendolen replies, “Before the car turns into a pumpkin” (419). As they continue the drive home, Frobisher reveals—for the first time, to Gwendolen—that he has a wife. The narrator proclaims: “The spell was broken” (420). Frobisher and Gwendolen barely talk the rest of the way home; Gwendolen is clearly annoyed. Back in her room above the Crystal Cup, Gwendolen is surprised when Niven knocks at her door. She invites him in for a drink.

Chapter 54 Summary: “Surprise!”

Gwendolen wakes up, hungover, to the doorbell ringing. It’s Nellie. Thanks to Landor’s spying, Nellie knows that Niven went into Gwendolen’s room the previous night. Nellie feels betrayed: “Niven, of all people, what was he playing at? First Maddox and Edith making an unlikely pairing and now Gwendolen Kelling and Niven. Were all her children betraying her, one by one?” (426).

Chapter 55 Summary: “A Tryst”

Edith goes for a walk in the park, where she meets an unnamed man. The reader will later learn this is Frobisher. The interaction between Edith and the mystery man is conveyed by the scullery maid, Phyllis, who followed Edith to the park. Phyllis goes to Nellie to tell Nellie what she saw.

Chapter 56 Summary: “The Waste Land”

The narrative jumps back to tell of Edith’s meeting with Frobisher from Frobisher’s perspective. Edith tells Frobisher “about Inspector Arthur Maddox” (439). Edith tells Frobisher that Maddox was her secret lover. Edith also tells Frobisher that Maddox has been skimming money from the Cokers’ clubs—and that Maddox and his crony, Oakes, are running a sex work ring, targeting girls whom “no one would miss”: “[g]irls who had run away from home, girls from orphanages, girls from the street, girls from dance schools, girls lured with promises of a clean bed and a square meal or a transformation in their fortunes” (440). Edith also reveals that Mrs. Darling is a “procuress” and an “abortionist” (441). When Frobisher asks Edith if she’d testify to all this in court, she says no. He wonders why she told him. Edith replies, “[s]o that you know everything, of course. You’re the detective, it’s up to you to find the evidence. Maddox is about to seize our clubs, Chief Inspector. More power, more money, more girls” (442).

In this chapter, Frobisher also learns of a new body pulled from the Thames—a matador. The reader knows it’s Vivian Quinn. He also figures out the identity of one of the girls pulled out of the Thames previously, the one with the locket and the one silver shoe. The dead girl’s name was “Minnie” (435). Her mother comes to the police station to report Minnie missing and is able to identify her based on the locket, which Frobisher still has.

Chapters 46-56 Analysis

The love triangle that’s been hinted at between Gwendolen, Niven, and Frobisher is articulated more clearly in these chapters—thanks largely to its destruction. The tenuous romantic link between Gwendolen and Frobisher is crystallized in the day trip they take to Oxford. Gwendolen’s displeasure when she learns about Frobisher’s marriage is anti-climactic since it reveals the potential of their romantic connection while dismantling it completely. The “love triangle” is put to rest; if Gwendolen is going to end up with either man, it may be Niven (a question the book will ultimately leave unanswered). Both romantic threads therefore amount to anti-climax. Through Gwendolen’s character, Atkinson subverts expected narrative arcs of the romance genre to reinforce the Expectations and Subversions of Gender Roles, since Gwendolen’s narrative does not result in marriage. The romantic subplot, while not necessary to the book’s main plot, also adds depth to the characters of Frobisher, Gwendolen, and Niven and enriches the book by making the reader wait in suspense between moments of high action.

Meanwhile, the tension of the primary plotline is elevated. The duplicitous nature of many of the characters’ relationships with one another creates a sense of anxiety. Ironically, the person who is being “cheated” and “lied to” more than anyone else, Nellie, is the one person who seems to know all. Her mystery-solving missions are balanced by the omniscient narrator who, throughout the novel, gives the reader access to what Nellie does not yet know. Atkinson hence builds suspense as the reader waits for Nellie to find out. The last mystery that Nellie must solve is why Azzopardi is after her—which she does. Nellie realizes that the jewels she stole from her old landlady were Azzopardi’s loot: “He was after revenge” (379).

This cluster of chapters also provides intriguing historical context when Ramsay attends the baby party. At the party, he reflects on the other types of parties trendy in London at that time: "snow” parties, opium parties, orgies, cocktail parties, and “bacchanalia of all kinds behind the closed doors of private houses” (407). These closed doors allude to the “shrines” of the book’s title, Shrines of Gaiety, which hence ironically denigrates the idea of a sacred space in the suggestion that gaiety is enshrined—deemed divine or holy. Ramsay himself represents the irony of the word “gaiety”—he’s lonely, can’t get his book written, and seems bored with everything around him. This is particularly pronounced since his boredom is juxtaposed with this vast array of ostentatious parties in London.

The depiction of the baby party also highlights the book’s theme of The Arbitrary Nature of Social Classes. The people attending the baby party are the so-called elites and upper class of London. They are the “toffs” that the newspaper boy sneers at in the first chapter. In the social strata of London at the time, they’re considered “better than” the rest. However, Atkinson uses the surreal humor of this social group dressed as babies and drinking cocktails called “Mother’s Milk” to slyly align its attendees with the earliest stages of development and underscore the arbitrary—even, the book suggests, ludicrous­—designations of class.

Finally, this cluster of chapters provides the background information that will lead to the book’s climactic moment: The reader, via Frobisher’s exchange with Edith, learns that Maddox and Oakes are running a sex work ring. This information structurally unites Frobisher and Nellie in the narrative. Though they were once established as protagonist and antagonist, their archetypal distinctions blur when united against a common enemy: Maddox and Oakes.

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